Cranial Morphological Features of the Neanderthals

Apomorphic (unique) Features:
1) Double-arched browridge
2) Large nasal aperture
3) Medial nasal projections
4) Mid-facial prognathism
5) Retromolar gap
6) Small mastoid process
7) Large Juxtamastoid eminence (paramastoid crest)
8) Suprainiac fossa/depression
9) Occipital bun
10) ‘en bombe’ cranial shape (posterior view)
11) H-O configuration of the mandibular foramen
12) Mental foramen under first molar

Symplesiomorphic (shared), Influenced Qualities:
13) Low and long cranial shape (lateral view)
14) Large brain size